Hemocyanins Stimulate Innate Immunity by Inducing Different Temporal Patterns of Proinflammatory Cytokine Expression in Macrophages

Investigation of the effect of trimethylamine-N-oxide on the proinflammatory cytokine genes expression in U937-derived macrophages

Background and Aim: Atherosclerosis is known as a multifactorial inflammatory disease. Trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) as a risk factor, has a potential to trigger or enhance the immune inflammatory reactions in atherosclerosis. Yet, The exact mechanism by which TMAO induces inflammation during atherosclerosis is not well understood. The present study was designed to evaluate the expression of IL...

Role of Propolis as a pharmaceutical candidate on interleukin-1β proinflammatory cytokine expression in Alzheimer's rat

Background: One of the important factors that play a key role in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD) is inflammatory processes leading to impaired expression of inflammatory cytokines such as interleukin-6, TNF-α, and interleukin-1β (IL-1β). Propolis, as a therapeutic compound, has anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to investigate ...

Effect of Ganoderma Lucidum on Cytokine Release by Peritoneal Macrophages

Background: The water-soluble extract of Ganoderma lucidum (Reishi) has been used as an immunomodulator to stimulate spleen cells proliferation and cytokine expression. Objective: To investigate the effect of Ganoderma lucidum (G. lucidum) on cytokine production by mice peritoneal macrophages. Methods: Mice peritoneal macrophages were prepared by intra-peritoneal injection of 5 ml cold PBS. Per...

Proinflammatory Cytokine Gene Expression by Murine Macrophages in Response to Brugia malayi Wolbachia Surface Protein

Wolbachia, an endosymbiotic bacterium found in most species of filarial parasites, is thought to play a significant role in inducing innate inflammatory responses in lymphatic filariasis patients. However, the Wolbachia-derived molecules that are recognized by the innate immune system have not yet been identified. In this study, we exposed the murine macrophage cell line RAW 264.7 to a recombin...

Transmembrane TNF-a Reverse Signaling Inhibits Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Proinflammatory Cytokine Formation in Macrophages by Inducing TGF-b: Therapeutic Implications